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The Consistori (de la Gaya Sciència) de Barcelona (, ; "Academy of the Gay Science of Barcelona") was a literary academy founded in Barcelona by John the Hunter, King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona, in 1393 in imitation of the Consistori del Gay Saber founded at Toulouse seventy years earlier (1323). The poetry produced by and for the Consistori was heavily influenced by the troubadours.〔''Lo gay saber'' has been referred to as a "troubadour revival" (Robert Archer, "Tradition, Genre, Ethics and Politics in Ausiàs March's ''maldit''," ''Bulletin of Hispanic Studies'', 68:3 (1991:July), p. 376) or even a "Provençal renaissance" (to be distinguished from the 19th-century renaissance of Joseph Roumanille and Frédéric Mistral).〕 The Consistori's chief purpose was to promote "correct" styles and themes and discourage vices (''vicis'') by awarding prizes in competition to poets who adhered to the "rules" of poetic composition. The names of few poets laureate have come down to us and despite some excellent descriptions of the Consistori's activities, associated persons and poems are obscure. ==Prehistory and origins== At Pentecost, 31 May 1338, a contest was held at Lleida before Peter the Ceremonious, John's predecessor, at which those poems adjudged the best were given awards.〔Roger Boase (1977), ''The Origin and Meaning of Courtly Love: A Critical Study of European Scholarship'' (Manchester: Manchester University Press, ISBN 0-87471-950-X.), 6, refers to Peter's promotion of "Provençal" poetry and also to a mysterious annexation of Toulouse in 1344, but the historical annexation of 1344 was of the Kingdom of Majorca.〕 A panel of judges was designated in advance by the king. It was to pass judgement ''super arte dictandi et faciendi pulcra carmina sive cantars'': "on the art of speaking and composing beautiful songs, that is, ''cantars''".〔Martí de Riquer (1964), ''Història de la Literatura Catalana'', vol. 1 (Barcelona: Edicions Ariel), 565.〕 The winning poets received a ''rosa d'or'' (golden rose) and piece of expensive golden satin called ''diasprell''. With its floral prize, the 1338 contest emulated the ''jocs florals'' (floral games) already being held in Toulouse and to be held eventually in Barcelona as well. Much about this event, however, remains unknown: the language of composition was vernacular (''cantars''), but which vernacular is uncertain (Occitan or Catalan), and the names of the poets or any portions of their work have not survived. Nonetheless, Martí de Riquer presumes that similar festivals occurred in years prior and recurred in subsequent years, though there are no records.〔 It need not be assumed that such contests took place in the royal presence; they may have been held by the great lords. At Valencia on 20 February 1393, John the Hunter founded an annual festival (''la festa de la Gaya Sciència'') to be celebrated in honour of the Virgin Mary on the day of Annunciation (15 May) or the following Sunday at Barcelona.〔Riquer, 565. King John had a very high view of the miraculous, curing properties of the Gay Science. It could, for example, make ''rudes erudit'' (the rude erudite), ''inertes excitat'' (excite the inert), ''occulta elicit'' (draw out the occulted), and ''obscura lucidat'' (lighten the dark), or so wrote John in his act of foundation, now folios 149–50 in reg. 1924 of the Arxiu de la Corona d'Aragó (Boase, 54 n12).〕 The festival would included a vernacular poetry contest, modelled after those held in Toulouse, Paris, and other illustrious cities,〔The poetic academy of Toulouse is well known, that of Paris is only mentioned here, and the other unspecified cities remain unidentified. One poet, Jacme Scrivà, has been tentatively connected with the Paris contests.〕 and the poems submitted would be judged by Jaume March II and Luys d'Averçó, entitled ''magistros et defensores'' (teachers and defenders) of poetry.〔Riquer, 567, sees in this a parallel to the chivalric passage of arms, where one knight (or several) defends a pass while another (or several) adventures to pass through it. Similarly, the judges, ''mantenidors'', maintain the integrity of the Gay Science from "adventurous" composers.〕 The document of the king's foundation, which was written up by the scribe Bartomeu Sirvent, also mentions that the initiative for the festival had been March and Averçó's and that they had requested it of the king. The expertise of judges for the festival was also set out by the king, in Latin: ''gaya vel gaudiosa, et alio nomine inveniendi sciencie'', that is, "gay and joyful, and by another name inventive science".〔Riquer, 566.〕 The Latin terms ''gaya ... sciencie'' and ''inveniendi sciencie'' were direct translations of the vernacular terms ''gay sauber'' (gay science) and ''ciència de trobar'' (science of troubadour composition). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Consistori de Barcelona」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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